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  2. Fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricative

    A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. [1] These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of [f]; the back of the tongue against the soft palate in the case of German [x] (the final consonant of Bach); or the side of the tongue against the molars, in the case of Welsh [ɬ] (appearing twice in ...

  3. Languages of Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Europe

    There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family. [1] [2] Out of a total European population of 744 million as of 2018, some 94% are native speakers of an Indo-European language. The three largest phyla of the Indo-European language family in Europe are Romance, Germanic, and Slavic; they ...

  4. List of languages by number of speakers in Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by...

    This is a list of European languages by the number of native speakers in Europe only. List. Rank Name Native speakers Total speakers 1 Russian: 106,000,000 [1]

  5. Ejective consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejective_consonant

    A few languages have ejective fricatives. In some dialects of Hausa, the standard affricate [tsʼ] is a fricative [sʼ]; Ubykh (Northwest Caucasian, now extinct) had an ejective lateral fricative [ɬʼ]; and the related Kabardian also has ejective labiodental and alveolopalatal fricatives, [fʼ], [ʃʼ], and [ɬʼ].

  6. Grimm's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimm's_law

    Grimm's law, also known as the First Germanic Sound Shift, is a set of sound laws describing the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) stop consonants as they developed in Proto-Germanic in the first millennium BC, first discovered by Rasmus Rask but systematically put forward by Jacob Grimm. [1]

  7. Voiced dental fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative

    The voiced dental fricative is a consonant sound used in some spoken languages.It is familiar to English-speakers as the th sound in father.Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is eth, or ð and was taken from the Old English and Icelandic letter eth, which could stand for either a voiced or unvoiced (inter)dental non-sibilant fricative.

  8. Voiceless dental fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative

    The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.It is familiar to most English speakers as the 'th' in think.Though rather rare as a phoneme among the world's languages, it is encountered in some of the most widespread and influential ones.

  9. Voiceless linguolabial fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial...

    The voiceless linguolabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents it is θ̼ or ɸ̺ .