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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are a group of synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. Different organizations use different definitions for PFAS, leading to estimates of between 8,000 and 7 million chemicals within the group.
Examples include PFOA and PFOS, frequently present in water-resistant textiles and sprays conferring water-resistant properties to textiles and fire-fighting foam. [3] Data from animal studies of PFOA indicate that it can cause several types of tumors and neonatal death and may have toxic effects on the immune, liver, and endocrine systems.
In humans, PFHxS binds to blood albumin, [8] and relatively little PFHxS is found in the liver compared to longer chain PFASs such as PFOS. [9] The half-life of PFHxS in adult blood serum is 5.3 years (4.7 years for women and 7.4 years for men). [10] The half-life of PFASs in human blood generally decreases with decreasing backbone (CF 2) length.
Perfluorodecanoic Acid (PFDA) is not a medication and does not have any approved medical uses. It is widely used as an industrial chemical, and is persistent in the environment and can accumulate in the body. Numerous studies point to its negative health effects. [23] [24] It has been detected in the blood of people and animals worldwide.
The chemicals detected were perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS — a group of manufactured chemicals that break down at an extremely slow rate, meaning they can accumulate over ...
Trifluoroacetic acid is a widely employed acid, used for example in the synthesis of peptides.Its esters are useful in analytical chemistry. Longer-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, e.g. with five to nine carbons, are useful fluorosurfactants and emulsifiers used in the production of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) and related fluoropolymers.
The FDA has issued a request for information seeking scientific data on concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in seafood, the surrounding environment and processing water.
It is strongly suspected that the victims were poisoned by aconite, an alkaloid toxin found in the raw roots and flowers of its namesake plant. Herbal tea usually heals, but it was poison for two ...