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African Health Sciences is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access medical journal covering clinical practice and public health policy relevant to Africa and low-income countries. [1] The editor-in-chief is James K. Tumwine (Makerere University), who established the journal in 2001. [2] The journal is abstracted and indexed by Index Medicus ...
Subsequently, medical professionals and researchers began requiring that research follows the principles outlined in the Declaration. This document was one of the milestones towards the implementation of the institutional review board (IRB) process. [9] Many IRBs review ethical aspects of clinical researches based on the Declaration of Helsinki ...
African Journal of AIDS Research; African Journal of Aquatic Science; African Journal of Ecology; African Journal of International Affairs and Development; African Journal of International and Comparative Law; African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science; African Journal of Marine Science; African Journal of Political Economy
Direct colonial rule is a form of colonialism that involves the establishment of a centralized foreign authority within a territory, which is run by colonial officials. According to Michael W. Doyle of Harvard University , in a system of direct rule , the native population is excluded from all but the lowest level of the colonial government. [ 1 ]
AZT trials conducted on HIV-positive African subjects by U.S. physicians and the University of Zimbabwe were performed without proper informed consent. [4] The United States began testing AZT treatments in Africa in 1994, through projects funded by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Mahmood Mamdani and other academics [29] [30] have discussed extensively how both direct and indirect rule were attempts to implement identical goals of foreign rule, but how the "indirect" strategy helped to create ethnic tensions within ruled societies which persist in hostile communal relations and dysfunctional strategies of government.
In the Republic of India, "President's rule" refers to the imposition of Article 356 of the Constitution of India on a state whose constitutional body has failed. In the event that a state government is unable to function, the Constitution provides for the state to come under the direct control of the central government.
The ICMJE recommendations (full title, "Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals") are a set of guidelines produced by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors for standardising the ethics, preparation and formatting of manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals for publication. [1]