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George Peter ("Pete") Murdock (May 11, 1897 – March 29, 1985), also known as G. P. Murdock, was an American anthropologist who was professor at Yale University and University of Pittsburgh. He is remembered for his empirical approach to ethnological studies and his study of family and kinship structures across differing cultures.
In its most common use, the term nuclear family refers to a household consisting of a mother, a father, and their children, [5] all living in one household dwelling. [4] George Murdock, an observer of families, offered an early description: The family is a social group characterized by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction.
Kinship terminology is the system used in languages to refer to the persons to whom an individual is related through kinship.Different societies classify kinship relations differently and therefore use different systems of kinship terminology; for example, some languages distinguish between consanguine and affinal uncles (i.e. the brothers of one's parents and the husbands of the sisters of ...
Murdock's (1949) explanation was an attempt to define kinship terminology in terms of distinctive features and deterministic factors. He described nine features on the basis of which a term can be said as a classificatory term or as a descriptive term. Some features are age, affinity, polarity, generation, gender (see more in Murdock, 1949).
In neolocal residence, newly formed couples form their own separate household units, and create what is considered a nuclear family. This contrasts with other forms of post-marital residence, such as patrilocal residence and matrilocal residence, in which the couple resides with or near the husband's family (patrilocal residence) or the wife's family (matrilocal residence).
In trying to resolve the problems of dubious inferences about kinship "systems", George P. Murdock (1949, Social Structure) compiled kinship data to test a theory about universals in human kinship in the way that terminologies were influenced by the behavioral similarities or social differences among pairs of kin, proceeding on the view that ...
Early theories explaining the determinants of postmarital residence (by, for example, Lewis Henry Morgan, Edward Tylor, and George Peter Murdock) connected it with the sexual division of labor. However, for many years cross-cultural tests of this hypothesis using worldwide samples failed to find any significant relationship between these two ...
"An apologia of George Peter Murdock. Division of labor by gender and postmarital residence in cross-cultural perspective: a reconsideration". World Cultures. 12 (2). University of California, Irvine: 179– 203. Archived from the original on 2018-04-22 Pdf. Korotayev, Andrey (November 2003). "Division of labor by gender and postmarital ...