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  2. Coin flipping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_flipping

    To choose one out of three, the previous is either reversed (the odd coin out is the winner) or a regular two-way coin flip between the two remaining players can decide. The three-way flip is 75% likely to work each time it is tried (if all coins are heads or all are tails, each of which occur 1/8 of the time due to the chances being 0.5 by 0.5 ...

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  4. Coin rotation paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_rotation_paradox

    The outer coin makes two rotations rolling once around the inner coin. The path of a single point on the edge of the moving coin is a cardioid.. The coin rotation paradox is the counter-intuitive math problem that, when one coin is rolled around the rim of another coin of equal size, the moving coin completes not one but two full rotations after going all the way around the stationary coin ...

  5. Penney's game - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penney's_game

    As this card-based version is quite similar to multiple repetitions of the original coin game, the second player's advantage is greatly amplified. The probabilities are slightly different because the odds for each flip of a coin are independent while the odds of drawing a red or black card each time is dependent on previous draws. Note that HHT ...

  6. Quantum coin flipping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_coin_flipping

    A coin flipping problem which makes this additional assumption constitutes the weaker variant thereof called weak coin flipping (WCF). In the case of classical channels this extra assumption yields no improvement.

  7. St. Petersburg paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg_paradox

    The St. Petersburg paradox or St. Petersburg lottery [1] is a paradox involving the game of flipping a coin where the expected payoff of the lottery game is infinite but nevertheless seems to be worth only a very small amount to the participants. The St. Petersburg paradox is a situation where a naïve decision criterion that takes only the ...

  8. Coin manipulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_manipulation

    Coin manipulation is the art of manipulating coins in skillful flourishes, usually on or around the hands. [1] Although not always considered coin magic, the flourishes are sometimes used in magic shows. The difficulty of the trick ranges greatly, from some that take a few minutes to accomplish, to much more complex ones that can take months ...

  9. Joint probability distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_probability_distribution

    Consider the flip of two fair coins; let and be discrete random variables associated with the outcomes of the first and second coin flips respectively. Each coin flip is a Bernoulli trial and has a Bernoulli distribution. If a coin displays "heads" then the associated random variable takes the value 1, and it takes the value 0 otherwise.