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Elementary particles are particles with no measurable internal structure; that is, it is unknown whether they are composed of other particles. [1] They are the fundamental objects of quantum field theory. Many families and sub-families of elementary particles exist. Elementary particles are classified according to their spin. Fermions have half ...
Among the 61 elementary particles embraced by the Standard Model number: electrons and other leptons, quarks, and the fundamental bosons. Subatomic particles such as protons or neutrons, which contain two or more elementary particles, are known as composite particles. Ordinary matter is composed of atoms, themselves once thought to be ...
The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.
English: Standard model of elementary particles: the 12 fundamental fermions and 5 fundamental bosons. Brown loops indicate which bosons (red) couple to which fermions (purple and green). Please note that the masses of certain particles are subject to periodic reevaluation by the scientific community.
Subatomic particles are either "elementary", i.e. not made of multiple other particles, or "composite" and made of more than one elementary particle bound together. The elementary particles of the Standard Model are: [7] Six "flavors" of quarks: up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top;
Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation.The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the scale of protons and neutrons, while the study of combination of protons and neutrons is called nuclear physics.
The set of particles believed today to be elementary is known as the Standard Model and includes quarks, bosons and leptons. The term " subnuclear zoo " was coined or popularized by Robert Oppenheimer in 1956 at the VI Rochester International Conference on High Energy Physics .
The theory is commonly viewed as describing the fundamental set of particles – the leptons, quarks, gauge bosons and the Higgs boson. The Standard Model is renormalizable and mathematically self-consistent; [ 1 ] however, despite having huge and continued successes in providing experimental predictions, it does leave some unexplained ...