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c. 2800 BC — Indus Valley civilization on the Indian subcontinent, earliest use of decimal ratios in a uniform system of ancient weights and measures, the smallest unit of measurement used is 1.704 millimetres and the smallest unit of mass used is 28 grams. [citation needed]
counting rod decimal fraction 1/7. Starting from the 2nd century BCE, some Chinese units for length were based on divisions into ten; by the 3rd century CE these metrological units were used to express decimal fractions of lengths, non-positionally. [28]
260 BC – Greece, Archimedes proved that the value of π lies between 3 + 1/7 (approx. 3.1429) and 3 + 10/71 (approx. 3.1408), that the area of a circle was equal to π multiplied by the square of the radius of the circle and that the area enclosed by a parabola and a straight line is 4/3 multiplied by the area of a triangle with equal base ...
1698 (perhaps deriving from a much earlier use of middle dot to separate juxtaposed numbers) division slash (a.k.a. solidus ) 1718 (deriving from horizontal fraction bar, invented by Abu Bakr al-Hassar in the 12th century)
Buddhist inscriptions from around 300 BCE use the symbols that became 1, 4, and 6. One century later, their use of the symbols that became 2, 4, 6, 7, and 9 was recorded. These Brahmi numerals are the ancestors of the Hindu–Arabic glyphs 1 to 9, but they were not used as a positional system with a zero, and there were rather [clarification ...
Sexagesimal numerals were a mixed radix system that retained the alternating bases of 10 and 6 that characterized tokens, numerical impressions, and proto-cuneiform numerical signs. Sexagesimal numerals were used in commerce, as well as for astronomical and other calculations.
The litre (1 dm 3) for volumes of liquid; The gramme, for mass—defined as the mass of one cubic centimetre of water; The franc, for currency. Historical note: only the metre and (kilo)gramme defined here went on to become part of later metric systems. Litres and to a lesser extent hectares (100 ares, or 1 hm 2) are still in use, but are not ...
In 1889, Giuseppe Peano used N for the positive integers and started at 1, [24] but he later changed to using N 0 and N 1. [25] Historically, most definitions have excluded 0, [ 22 ] [ 26 ] [ 27 ] but many mathematicians such as George A. Wentworth , Bertrand Russell , Nicolas Bourbaki , Paul Halmos , Stephen Cole Kleene , and John Horton ...