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The pigmented layer of retina or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells.
Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) is a harmless, pigmented fundus lesion that can be of various forms: solitary, grouped, and atypical, [1] and are found through clinical eye screenings from digital retinal imaging often established by ophthalmologists. [2]
Neuro-retinal rim NS Nuclear sclerosis: NTG Normal tension glaucoma: PDR Proliferative diabetic retinopathy PDT Photodynamic therapy: PK Penetrating keratoplasy: POAG Primary open-angle glaucoma PPDR Preproliferative diabetic retinopathy PRA Pan-retinal ablation PRK Photorefractive keratectomy PRP Pan-retinal photocoagulation PSCC
Fundus of geographic atrophy. Geographic atrophy (GA), also known as atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or advanced dry AMD, is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration that can result in the progressive and irreversible loss of retinal tissue (photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris) which can lead to a loss of central vision over time.
The eye's fundus is the only part of the human body where the microcirculation can be observed directly. [4] The diameter of the blood vessels around the optic disc is about 150 μm, and an ophthalmoscope allows observation of blood vessels with diameters as small as 10 μm.
Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein (also known as RPE65) is a retinoid isomerohydrolase enzyme of the vertebrate visual cycle. [5] [6] RPE65 is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE, a layer of epithelial cells that nourish the photoreceptor cells) and is responsible for the conversion of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol during phototransduction.
Drusen, from the German word for node or geode (singular, "Druse"), are tiny yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material that build up between Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The presence of a few small ("hard") drusen is normal with advancing age, and most people over 40 have some hard drusen. [1]
Retinal detachment; Assessment of retinal function after trauma, especially in vitreous hemorrhage, dense cataracts, and other conditions where the fundus cannot be visualized. The ERG is also used extensively in eye research, as it provides information about the function of the retina that is not otherwise available.