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2. Calculus (dental) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_(dental)

   In dentistry, calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in plaque on the teeth . This process of precipitation kills the bacterial cells within dental plaque, but the rough and hardened surface that is formed provides an ideal surface for ...

3. List of periodontal diseases - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_periodontal_diseases

   Dental plaque is a microbial biofilm which forms on teeth. This biofilm may calcify and harden, termed calculus (tartar). Plaque tends to build up around the gingival margin (the gumline) and in gingival crevices or periodontal pocket (below the gumline). The release of waste products from the bacteria living in the biofilm causes an ...

4. Dental plaque - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_plaque

   Oral hygiene is important as dental biofilms may become acidic causing demineralization of the teeth (also known as dental caries) or harden into dental calculus (also known as tartar). [5] Calculus cannot be removed through tooth brushing or with interdental aids, but only through professional cleaning. [3]

5. Periodontal disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_disease

   Calculus above and below the gum line must be removed completely by the dental hygienist or dentist to treat gingivitis and periodontitis. Although the primary cause of both gingivitis and periodontitis is the microbial plaque that adheres to the tooth surfaces, there are many other modifying factors.

6. Chronic periodontitis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_periodontitis

   Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.

7. Sialolithiasis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialolithiasis

   The usual symptoms are pain and swelling of the affected salivary gland, both of which get worse when salivary flow is stimulated, e.g. with the sight, thought, smell or taste of food, or with hunger or chewing. This is often termed "mealtime syndrome." [2] Inflammation or infection of the gland may develop as a result.