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Enzyme induction is a process in which a molecule (e.g. a drug) induces (i.e. initiates or enhances) the expression of an enzyme. Enzyme inhibition can refer to the inhibition of the expression of the enzyme by another molecule; interference at the enzyme-level, basically with how the enzyme works.
Index inducer or just inducer predictably induce metabolism via a given pathway and are commonly used in prospective clinical drug-drug interaction studies. [ 4 ] Strong, moderate, and weak inducers are drugs that decreases the AUC of sensitive index substrates of a given metabolic pathway by ≥80%, ≥50% to <80%, and ≥20% to <50% ...
Inhibitory control, also known as response inhibition, is a cognitive process – and, more specifically, an executive function – that permits an individual to inhibit their impulses and natural, habitual, or dominant behavioral responses to stimuli (a.k.a. prepotent responses) in order to select a more appropriate behavior that is consistent with completing their goals.
Examples of such modulators include benzodiazepines and barbiturates, which are GABA A receptor positive allosteric modulators. Benzodiazepines like diazepam bind between α and γ subunits of the GABA A receptor ion channels and increase the channel opening frequency, but not the duration of each opening.
An enzyme inducer is a type of drug that increases the metabolic activity of an enzyme either by binding to the enzyme and activating it, or by increasing the expression of the gene coding for the enzyme. [1] [page needed] It is the opposite of an enzyme repressor.
Following is a table of selected substrates, inducers and inhibitors of CYP2B6.. Inhibitors of CYP2B6 can be classified by their potency, such as: . Strong inhibitor being one that causes at least a 5-fold increase in the plasma AUC values, or more than 80% decrease in clearance.
An example of such a transition state inhibitor is the antiviral drug oseltamivir; this drug mimics the planar nature of the ring oxonium ion in the reaction of the viral enzyme neuraminidase. [47] However, not all inhibitors are based on the structures of substrates.
Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used as an antidepressant.. Reuptake inhibitors (RIs) are a type of reuptake modulators.It is a drug that inhibits the plasmalemmal transporter-mediated reuptake of a neurotransmitter from the synapse into the pre-synaptic neuron.