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The Westminster Assembly, which saw disputes on Church polity in England (Victorian history painting by John Rogers Herbert). The Puritan movement in England was riven over decades by emigration and inconsistent interpretations of Scripture, as well as some political differences that surfaced at that time.
The Puritan's main purpose was to purify the Church of England and to make England a more Christian country. History of the Puritans under Elizabeth I, 1558–1603; History of the Puritans under James I, 1603–1625; History of the Puritans under Charles I, 1625–1649; History of the Puritans from 1649; History of the Puritans in North America
While the Elizabethan settlement proved generally acceptable, there remained minorities who were dissatisfied with the state of the Church of England. The cry for "further reform" in the 1560s was the basis of what is now known as the Puritan Movement. The Puritans were not content with the Anglican settlement and the established church.
The Puritan movement would grow even stronger under King Charles I, and even for a time come to take control of England with the English Commonwealth and the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell, following the English Civil War. But it was certainly under the rule of King James (1604–1625) where the Puritan movement found great momentum.
The ejection of non-conforming Puritan ministers from the Church of England in the 1630s provoked a reaction. Puritan laymen spoke out against King Charles's policies, with the bishops the main focus of Puritan ire. The first, and most famous, critic of both Laudianism and the Caroline divines was William Prynne.
The Puritan movement had become particularly fractured in the course of the 1640s and 1650s, and with the decision of the Latitudinarians to conform in 1662, it became even further fractured. Around two thousand Puritan ministers resigned from their positions as Church of England clergy as a consequence.
Many Puritans were unwilling to conform and became dissenters. Now outside the established church, the different strands of the Puritan movement evolved into separate denominations: Congregationalists, Presbyterians, and Baptists. [286] After the Restoration, Anglicanism took shape as a recognisable tradition. [287]
Lives of the Puritans by Benjamin Brook and Daniel Neal's History of the Puritans; Anderson, Robert Charles, The Great Migration Begins, Immigrants to New England, 1620-1640 (multi-vol series), Boston: New Historic Genealogical Society, 1995.