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  2. Data corruption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_corruption

    If the disk drive detects multiple read errors on a sector it may make a copy of the failing sector on another part of the disk, by remapping the failed sector of the disk to a spare sector without the involvement of the operating system (though this may be delayed until the next write to the sector).

  3. Data scrubbing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_scrubbing

    As a copy-on-write (CoW) file system for Linux, Btrfs provides fault isolation, corruption detection and correction, and file-system scrubbing. If the file system detects a checksum mismatch while reading a block, it first tries to obtain (or create) a good copy of this block from another device – if its internal mirroring or RAID techniques are in use.

  4. Abort, Retry, Fail? - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abort,_Retry,_Fail?

    In CP/M, attempting to read a floppy disk drive with the door open would hang until a disk was inserted and the disk drive door was closed (very early disk hardware did not send any kind of signal until a disk was spinning, and a timeout to detect the lack of signal required too much code on these tiny systems). Many users of CP/M became ...

  5. Error detection and correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction

    Error-correcting codes are used in lower-layer communication such as cellular network, high-speed fiber-optic communication and Wi-Fi, [11] [12] as well as for reliable storage in media such as flash memory, hard disk and RAM. [13] Error-correcting codes are usually distinguished between convolutional codes and block codes:

  6. Hard disk drive failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive_failure

    A hard disk drive failure occurs when a hard disk drive malfunctions and the stored information cannot be accessed with a properly configured computer. A hard disk failure may occur in the course of normal operation, or due to an external factor such as exposure to fire or water or high magnetic fields , or suffering a sharp impact or ...

  7. File verification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_verification

    File verification is the process of using an algorithm for verifying the integrity of a computer file, usually by checksum.This can be done by comparing two files bit-by-bit, but requires two copies of the same file, and may miss systematic corruptions which might occur to both files.

  8. Click of death - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click_of_death

    Click of death is a term that had become common in the late 1990s referring to the clicking sound in disk storage systems that signals a disk drive has failed, often catastrophically. [1] The clicking sound itself arises from the unexpected movement of the disk's read/write actuator. At startup, and during use, the disk head must move correctly ...

  9. fsck - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fsck

    As boot time fsck is expected to run without user intervention, it generally defaults to not perform any destructive operations. This may be in the form of a read-only check (failing whenever issues are found), or more commonly, a "preen" -p mode that only fixes innocuous issues commonly found after an unclean shutdown (i.e. crash, power fail).