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The oldest evidence of human occupation in Costa Rica is associated with the arrival of groups of hunter-gatherers about 10,000 to 19,000 years BC, with ancient archaeological evidence (stone tool making) located in the Turrialba Valley, at sites called Guardiria and Florence, with matching quarry and workshop areas with presence of type clovis spearheads and South American inspired arrows.
Costa Rica ratified the convention on 23 August 1977. [3] It has four World Heritage Sites and one site on the tentative list. [3] The first site in Costa Rica listed was the Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park, in 1983. In 1990, the site was expanded to include the sites across the border in Panama.
Seven of the Costa Rican species are considered endemic, and 19 are globally threatened. Costa Rica's birds range in size from the scintillant hummingbird, at 2.2 grams and 6 cm (2.4 in), to the huge jabiru, at 6.5 kg (14.3 lb) and 150 cm (60 in) (the American white pelican is heavier, but is an accidental species).
Coffee production played a key role in Costa Rica's history and in 2006, was the third cash crop export. [79] As a small country, Costa Rica now provides under 1% of the world's coffee production. [42] In 2015, the value of coffee exports was US$305.9 million, a small part of the total agricultural exports of US$2.7 billion. [78]
Despite being one of the smaller Costa Rican parks in land area, Manuel Antonio is the most popular of the 30 national parks in Costa Rica, visited by 4,388,460 people from 2012 to 2022. [2] In 2011, Manuel Antonio was listed by Forbes as among the world's 12 most beautiful national parks. [3]
The Area de Conservación Guanacaste is a network of protected areas and a World Heritage Site in Guanacaste Province, in northwestern Costa Rica.The World Heritage Site contains an unbroken tract of tropical dry forest and important habitat for several vulnerable species, including the Central American tapir, mangrove hummingbird, and the great green macaw. [1]
Ostional Mixed Wildlife Refuge (Spanish: Refugio de Vida Silvestre Mixto Ostional), is an 85.7 km 2 (33.1 sq mi) Wildlife refuge of Costa Rica, part of the Tempisque Conservation Area, was originally declared a protected area in 1982, [2] [1] and its status has been changed several times since then, including covering a larger area both on land and out to sea.
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