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The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration are used to measure in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents. They are good indicators of antimicrobial potency, but don't give any information relating to time-dependent antimicrobial killing (the so-called post antibiotic effect).
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency [1] is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. [2]
4 times a day quater die sumendum q.i.d, qid 4 times a day quater in die q.h., qh every hour, hourly quaque hora q.o.d., qod every other day / alternate days quaque altera die q.p.m., qPM, qpm every afternoon or evening: quaque post meridiem q.s., qs a sufficient quantity quantum sufficiat: q.wk. also qw weekly (once a week) quaque week
3 times a day t.i.d., t.d. ter in die: 3 times a day AMA style avoids use of this abbreviation (spell out "3 times a day") tinct. tinctura: tincture t.i.w. 3 times a week mistaken for "twice a week" top. topical TPN total parenteral nutrition tr, tinc., tinct. tinctura: tincture trit. triturate: grind to a powder troch. trochiscus: lozenge tsp
The duration of action of a drug is the length of time that particular drug is effective. [5] Duration of action is a function of several parameters including plasma half-life , the time to equilibrate between plasma and target compartments, and the off rate of the drug from its biological target .
TID - three times a day / Latin: ter in die: Existing QID - four times a day / Latin: quater in die: Existing 6WK - six times a week 5WK - five times a week 4WK - four times a week 3WK - three times a week 2WK - twice a week: I dispute this, more likely "1 qds for 2wk" meaning 1 taken 4 times a day for 2 weeks QWK - once a week
Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) is a measure of the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function. IC 50 is a quantitative measure that indicates how much of a particular inhibitory substance (e.g. drug) is needed to inhibit, in vitro , a given biological process or biological component by 50% ...
Acute use (1–3 days) yields a potency about 1.5× stronger than that of morphine and chronic use (7 days+) yields a potency about 2.5 to 5× that of morphine. Similarly, the effect of tramadol increases after consecutive dosing due to the accumulation of its active metabolite and an increase of the oral bioavailability in chronic use.