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Electret materials have been known since the 1920s and were proposed as condenser microphone elements several times, but they were considered impractical until the foil electret type was invented at Bell Laboratories in 1961 by Gerhard Sessler and James West, using a thin metallized Teflon foil.
First patent on foil electret microphone by G. M. Sessler et al. (pages 1 to 3) An electret microphone is a type of condenser microphone invented by Gerhard Sessler and Jim West at Bell laboratories in 1962. [24] The externally applied charge used for a conventional condenser microphone is replaced by a permanent charge in an electret material.
† Although the mic input is usually mono, the input is still a TRS phone socket. Many mono 'computer' mics are fitted with TRS plugs. The tip is for the MIC and the ring is for power (to power an electret-condenser style MIC). There are exceptions to the above: Hosa cables use grey and orange for left and right analogue channels.
Some condenser microphones can be powered with a 1.5-volt cell contained in a small compartment in the microphone or in an external housing. Phantom power is sometimes used by workers in avionics to describe the DC bias voltage used to power aviation microphones, which use a lower voltage than professional audio microphones.
West and Sessler optimized the mechanical and surface parameters of the system. [10] Nearly 90 percent of the microphones produced annually are based on the principles of the foil-electret and are used in everyday items such as telephones, camcorders, hearing aids, baby monitors, and audio recording devices among others. [11]
In 1973 the Schoeps "Colette" (CMC) series came out, a modular system of microphones that allowed the amplifier to be separated from the sound capsule. The microphone consisted of four amplifiers , for different powering schemes, and about 20 capsules, for different directional patterns and/or frequency response characteristics (any capsule of ...