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  2. Data structure alignment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure_alignment

    It consists of three separate but related issues: data alignment, data structure padding, and packing. The CPU in modern computer hardware performs reads and writes to memory most efficiently when the data is naturally aligned , which generally means that the data's memory address is a multiple of the data size.

  3. Padding (cryptography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)

    In cryptography, padding is any of a number of distinct practices which all include adding data to the beginning, middle, or end of a message prior to encryption. In classical cryptography, padding may include adding nonsense phrases to a message to obscure the fact that many messages end in predictable ways, e.g. sincerely yours.

  4. Padding argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_argument

    The proof that P = NP implies EXP = NEXP uses "padding".. by definition, so it suffices to show .. Let L be a language in NEXP. Since L is in NEXP, there is a non-deterministic Turing machine M that decides L in time for some constant c.

  5. Pooling layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pooling_layer

    The circular padding is where the pixel outside wraps around to the other side of the image. If H {\displaystyle H} is not expressible as k s + f {\displaystyle ks+f} where k {\displaystyle k} is an integer, then for computing the entries of the output tensor on the boundaries, max pooling would attempt to take as inputs variables off the tensor.

  6. Padding (disambiguation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(disambiguation)

    Padding is a soft material used for the sake of comfort or to change the shape of something. Padding may also refer to: Schedule padding, time added to a transportation schedule making it resilient to delay; Padding argument, method of proving that some complexity classes are conditionally equal

  7. Output padding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_padding

    In computing, output padding is the insertion of non-printing characters into the device output stream to allow for a preceding control operation to take effect. Output padding was necessary on many printing devices, notably Teletype and other mechanical terminals, after the issuance of a carriage return . [ 1 ]

  8. Boolean satisfiability problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem

    In logic and computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem [a] asks if there exists an interpretation that satisfies a given Boolean formula. In other words, it asks can a Boolean formula's variables be assigned TRUE or FALSE to make the formula TRUE. If this is the case, the formula is called satisfiable, else it is unsatisfiable.

  9. One-time pad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-time_pad

    In cryptography, the one-time pad (OTP) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked, but requires the use of a single-use pre-shared key that is larger than or equal to the size of the message being sent. In this technique, a plaintext is paired with a random secret key (also referred to as a one-time pad).