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Cartesian plane with marked points (signed ordered pairs of coordinates). For any point, the abscissa is the first value (x coordinate), and the ordinate is the second value (y coordinate). In mathematics , the abscissa ( / æ b ˈ s ɪ s . ə / ; plural abscissae or abscissas ) and the ordinate are respectively the first and second coordinate ...
GCSE Bitesize was launched in January 1998, covering seven subjects. For each subject, a one- or two-hour long TV programme would be broadcast overnight in the BBC Learning Zone block, and supporting material was available in books and on the BBC website. At the time, only around 9% of UK households had access to the internet at home.
A coordinate line with all other constant coordinates equal to zero is called a coordinate axis, an oriented line used for assigning coordinates. In a Cartesian coordinate system, all coordinates curves are lines, and, therefore, there are as many coordinate axes as coordinates. Moreover, the coordinate axes are pairwise orthogonal.
A Cartesian coordinate system in two dimensions (also called a rectangular coordinate system or an orthogonal coordinate system [8]) is defined by an ordered pair of perpendicular lines (axes), a single unit of length for both axes, and an orientation for each axis. The point where the axes meet is taken as the origin for both, thus turning ...
For an xyz-Cartesian coordinate system in three dimensions, suppose that a second Cartesian coordinate system is introduced, with axes x', y' and z' so located that the x' axis is parallel to the x axis and h units from it, the y' axis is parallel to the y axis and k units from it, and the z' axis is parallel to the z axis and l units from it.
The bipolar cylindrical coordinates are produced by translating the bipolar coordinates along the z-axis, i.e., the out-of-plane axis. The bispherical coordinates are produced by rotating the bipolar coordinates about the x-axis, i.e., the axis connecting the foci. The toroidal coordinates are produced by rotating the bipolar coordinates about ...
A conformal map acting on a rectangular grid. Note that the orthogonality of the curved grid is retained. While vector operations and physical laws are normally easiest to derive in Cartesian coordinates, non-Cartesian orthogonal coordinates are often used instead for the solution of various problems, especially boundary value problems, such as those arising in field theories of quantum ...
In polar coordinates, the equation of a line not passing through the origin—the point with coordinates (0, 0) —can be written = (), with r > 0 and / < < + / Here, p is the (positive) length of the line segment perpendicular to the line and delimited by the origin and the line, and φ {\displaystyle \varphi } is the (oriented) angle from ...