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  2. Black Codes (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)

    The Black Codes, sometimes called the Black Laws, were laws which governed the conduct of African Americans (both free and freedmen).In 1832, James Kent wrote that "in most of the United States, there is a distinction in respect to political privileges, between free white persons and free colored persons of African blood; and in no part of the country do the latter, in point of fact ...

  3. United States Colored Troops - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Colored_Troops

    The 1st Louisiana Native Guard, one of many Louisiana Union Civil War units, was formed in New Orleans after the city was taken and occupied by Union forces. It was formed in part from the Confederacy's former unit of the same name , which had been made up of property-owning free people of color ( gens de couleur libres ). [ 17 ]

  4. Free Negro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Negro

    The Southern states initially enacted Black Codes in an attempt to maintain control over black labor. The Mississippi Black Code (the first to pass and the best known) distinguished between "free negroes" (referring to those who had been free before the war, in some places called "Old Issues"), (newly free) "freedmen", and "mulattoes ...

  5. Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of...

    African Americans, including former enslaved individuals, served in the American Civil War. The 186,097 black men who joined the Union Army included 7,122 officers and 178,975 enlisted soldiers. [1] Approximately 20,000 black sailors served in the Union Navy and formed a large percentage of many ships' crews. [2]

  6. Bureau of Colored Troops - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Colored_Troops

    With these words the Union army changed. [3] During the American Civil War, in mid-1863, the administrative load became so burdensome that the War Department decided to create a single entity under the umbrella of the Adjutant General's Office, called the Bureau of Colored Troops, to manage its affairs. Headed by Major Charles Warren Foster ...

  7. List of Jim Crow law examples by state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jim_Crow_law...

    This is a list of examples of Jim Crow laws, which were state, territorial, and local laws in the United States enacted between 1877 and 1965. Jim Crow laws existed throughout the United States and originated from the Black Codes that were passed from 1865 to 1866 and from before the American Civil War.

  8. Black Civil War Patriots Must Be Remembered on Veterans Day - AOL

    www.aol.com/black-civil-war-patriots-must...

    An African American Union soldier of the American Civil War, seated, in a studio portrait, circa 1863. Credit - Getty Images. O ver a century ago, President Woodrow Wilson established Veterans Day ...

  9. History of forced labor in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_unfree_labor_in...

    The Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.