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Muscles of head and neck. The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face, based on a system originally developed by a Swedish anatomist named Carl-Herman Hjortsjö. [1]
The facial muscles are just under the skin (subcutaneous) muscles that control facial expression. They generally originate from the surface of the skull bone (rarely the fascia), and insert on the skin of the face. When they contract, the skin moves. These muscles also cause wrinkles at right angles to the muscles’ action line. [2]
Facial expression is the motion and positioning of the muscles beneath the skin of the face. These movements convey the emotional state of an individual to observers and are a form of nonverbal communication.
In 1978 Ekman and Friesen updated Facial Action Coding System (FACS), originally developed by a Swedish anatomist Carl-Herman Hjortsjö. [7] [8] FACS is a tool for classification of all facial expressions that humans can make. Each component of facial movement is called an action unit (AU) and all facial expressions can be broken down to action ...
A facial expression database is a collection of images or video clips with facial expressions of a range of emotions. Well-annotated ( emotion -tagged) media content of facial behavior is essential for training, testing, and validation of algorithms for the development of expression recognition systems .
The risorius muscle is a highly variable muscle of facial expression. It has numerous and very variable origins, and inserts into the angle of the mouth. It receives motor innervation from branches of facial nerve (CN VII). It may be absent or asymmetrical in some people. It pulls the angle of the mouth sidewise, such as during smiling.
Muscle Action Risorius: Smirk Buccinator: Aids chewing by holding cheeks flat Levator labii superioris: Elevates upper lip Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle: Snarl Levator anguli oris: Soft smile Nasalis: Flare nostrils Orbicularis oris muscle: Purse Lips Depressor septi nasi: Depresses nasal septum Procerus: Moves skin of forehead
It is contributed to by at least nine muscles: orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, risorius, quadratus labii superioris, quadratus labii inferioris. [1] [2] Its position and movements are important in moving the mouth, facial expression and in prosthetic dentistry. It ...