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Religion has been a factor of the human experience throughout history, from pre-historic to modern times. The bulk of the human religious experience pre-dates written history, which is roughly 70,000 years old. [1]
A History of God: The 4,000-Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam (1994) excerpt and text search; Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short History (2002) excerpt and text search; Bowker, John Westerdale, ed. The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2007) excerpt and text search 1126pp; Carus, Paul.
Religious tradition founded Historical founder(s) Life of historical founder Of Divine origin (Hinduism) Hinduism: Krishna: c. 12th century BCE Abraham (covenant with God) Moses (religious law) Judaism: Yahwists [n 1] c. 13th [1] [2] [3] to 8th century BC [n 2] Laozi: Taoism: Zhuang Zhou: 369 BC – 286 BC
Some academics studying the subject have divided religions into three broad categories: world religions, a term which refers to transcultural, international faiths; Indigenous religions, which refers to smaller, culture-specific or nation-specific religious groups; and new religious movements, which refers to recently developed faiths. [5]
A "world religion" is a tradition that has achieved sufficient power and numbers to enter our history to form it, interact with it, or thwart it. We recognise both the unity within and the diversity among the world religions because they correspond to important geopolitical entities with which we must deal.
[603] [604] It is the world's largest religion with roughly 2.4 billion followers constituting around 31.2% of the world's population. [ 515 ] [ 536 ] [ 605 ] [ note 20 ] In 2000, approximately one-quarter of all Christians worldwide were part of Pentecostalism and its associated movements. [ 619 ]
The world's principal religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups, though this is not a uniform practice. This theory began in the 18th century with the goal of recognizing the relative degrees of civility in different societies, [2] but this concept of a ranking order has since fallen into disrepute in many contemporary cultures.
This is a timeline showing the dates when countries or polities made Christianity the official state religion, generally accompanying the baptism of the governing monarch. Adoptions of Christianity to AD 1450