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In many programming languages, map is a higher-order function that applies a given function to each element of a collection, e.g. a list or set, returning the results in a collection of the same type.
Or, via list comprehension: [x for x in array if pred(x)] Java 8+ stream.filter(pred) JavaScript 1.6 array.filter(pred) Kotlin: array.filter(pred) Mathematica: Select[list, pred] Objective-C (Cocoa in Mac OS X 10.4+) [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:pred] pred is an NSPredicate object, which may be limited in expressiveness F#, OCaml ...
Some computer languages implement name–value pairs, or more frequently collections of attribute–value pairs, as standard language features. Most of these implement the general model of an associative array: an unordered list of unique attributes with associated values.
Then A[I] is equivalent to an array of the first 10 elements of A. A practical example of this is a sorting operation such as: I = array_sort(A); % Obtain a list of sort indices B = A[I]; % B is the sorted version of A C = A[array_sort(A)]; % Same as above but more concise.
For arrays, it indicates that the elements should be used as the parameters in a function call or the items in an array literal. For objects, it can be used for merging objects together or overriding properties.
In computer science, an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), of same memory size, each identified by at least one array index or key. An array is stored such that the position of each element can be computed from its index tuple by a mathematical formula.
The basis behind array programming and thinking is to find and exploit the properties of data where individual elements are similar or adjacent. Unlike object orientation which implicitly breaks down data to its constituent parts (or scalar quantities), array orientation looks to group data and apply a uniform handling.
In Raku, a sister language to Perl, for must be used to traverse elements of a list (foreach is not allowed). The expression which denotes the collection to loop over is evaluated in list-context, but not flattened by default, and each item of the resulting list is, in turn, aliased to the loop variable(s). List literal example: