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Human beings, writes social anthropologist Ernest Gellner, are not genetically programmed to be members of this or that social order. You can take a human infant and place it into any kind of social order and it will function acceptably. What makes human society so distinctive is the fabulous range of quite different forms it takes across the ...
Human history is the record of humankind from prehistory to the present. Modern humans evolved in Africa around 300,000 years ago and initially lived as hunter-gatherers.They migrated out of Africa during the Last Ice Age and had spread across Earth's continental land except Antarctica by the end of the Ice Age 12,000 years ago.
The oldest human skeletal remains are the 40ky old Lake Mungo remains in New South Wales, but human ornaments discovered at Devil's Lair in Western Australia have been dated to 48 kya and artifacts at Madjedbebe in Northern Territory are dated to at least 50 kya, and to 62.1 ± 2.9 ka in one 2017 study. [26] [27] [28] [29]
The origins of Western civilization can be traced back to the ancient Mediterranean world. There is academic consensus that Classical Greece was a major culture that provided the foundation of modern Western culture , philosophy , democracy , art , science , aesthetics , theatre, as well as building designs and proportions and architecture .
Other factors are the development of cooking, [149] and it has been proposed that intelligence increased as a response to an increased necessity for solving social problems as human society became more complex. [150] Changes in skull morphology, such as smaller mandibles and mandible muscle attachments, allowed more room for the brain to grow ...
Today, Durkheim, Marx and Max Weber are typically cited as the three principal architects of social science in the science of society sense of the term. [13] "Social science", however, has since become an umbrella term to describe all those disciplines, outside of physical science and art, which analyse human societies.
Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity.The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian cuneiform script.
History of Western civilization – record of the development of human civilization beginning in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, and generally spreading westwards. Ancient Greek science, philosophy, democracy, architecture, literature, and art provided a foundation embraced and built upon by the Roman Empire as it swept up Europe, including ...