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Token Ring (802.5) networks imitate a ring at layer 2 but use a physical star at layer 1. "Rings prevent collisions." The term "ring" only refers to the layout of the cables. It is true that there are no collisions on an IBM Token Ring, but this is because of the layer 2 Media Access Control method, not the physical topology (which again is a ...
A network's logical topology is not necessarily the same as its physical topology. For example, the original twisted pair Ethernet using repeater hubs was a logical bus topology carried on a physical star topology. Token Ring is a logical ring topology, but is wired as a physical star from the media access unit.
Token Ring is a physical and data link layer computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that is passed around a logical ring of workstations or servers.
First, there is the notion of constructible topology: given a ring A, the subsets of of the form (),: satisfy the axioms for closed sets in a topological space. This topology on Spec ( A ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} (A)} is called the constructible topology.
Metro Ethernet uses a fibre optic ring as a Gigabit Ethernet MAN backbone within a larger city. The ring topology is implemented using Internet Protocol (IP) so that data can be rerouted if a link is congested or fails. [6] In the US the Sprint was an early adopter of fibre optic rings that routed IP packets on the MAN backbone.
FDDI provides a 100 Mbit/s optical standard for data transmission in local area network that can extend in length up to 200 kilometers (120 mi). [2] Although FDDI logical topology is a ring-based token network, it did not use the IEEE 802.5 Token Ring protocol as its basis; instead, its protocol was derived from the IEEE 802.4 token bus timed token protocol.
In the best case, all traffic is between adjacent nodes. The worst case is when all traffic on the ring egresses from a single node, i.e., the BLSR is serving as a collector ring. In this case, the bandwidth that the ring can support is equal to the line rate N of the OC-N ring. This is why BLSRs are seldom, if ever, deployed in collector rings ...
This differs from Token Ring networks in that the endpoints of the bus do not meet to form a physical ring. In order to guarantee the packet delay and transmission in the Token Bus protocol, a modified Token Bus was proposed in manufacturing automation systems and flexible manufacturing system (FMS). [ 5 ]