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With so many "gates" or outlets, news spreads without the aid of legacy media networks. In fact, users on social media can act as a check to the media, calling attention to bias or inaccurate facts. There is also a symbiotic relationship between social media users and the press: younger journalists use social media to track trending topics. [56]
Media also have the potential cognitive effect of expanding people's belief systems. Media can create a kind of "enlargement" of citizen's beliefs by disseminating information about other people, places, and things. Expansion of people's belief systems refers to a broadening or enlarging of beliefs in a certain category.
Media ecology argues that media act as extensions of the human senses in each era, and communication technology is the primary cause of social change. [9] McLuhan is famous for coining the phrase, " the medium is the message ", which is an often-debated phrase believed to mean that the medium chosen to relay a message is just as important (if ...
Media psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the interactions between human behavior, media, and technology. Media psychology is not limited to mass media or media content; it includes all forms of mediated communication and media technology-related behaviors, such as the use, design, impact, and sharing behaviors.
Cultivation theory argues that media can shape our perceptions of reality by presenting a consistent and repetitive message over time. [5] It suggests that heavy exposure to media, particularly television, can lead to a "cultivation" of a particular set of beliefs. Cultivation theory was proposed by George Gerbner in the 1960s. [6]
Media naturalness effects on cognitive effort, communication ambiguity, and physiological arousal. Media naturalness theory's main prediction is that, other things being equal, a decrease in the degree of naturalness of a communication medium leads to the following effects in connection with communication interactions in complex tasks: [15] (a) an increase in cognitive effort, (b) an increase ...
The concept of mediatization still requires development, and there is no commonly agreed definition of the term. [4] For example, a sociologist, Ernst Manheim, used mediatization as a way to describe social shifts that are controlled by the mass media, while a media researcher, Kent Asp, viewed mediatization as the relationship between politics, mass media, and the ever-growing divide between ...
Agenda-setting theory was formally developed by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Lewis Shaw in a study on the 1968 presidential election deemed "the Chapel Hill study". McCombs and Shaw demonstrated a strong correlation between one hundred Chapel Hill residents' thought on what was the most important election issue and what the local news media reported was the most important issue.