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  2. Grand Duchy of Finland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland

    The Grand Duchy of Finland, officially and also translated as the Grand Principality of Finland, [a] was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed from 1809 to 1917 as an autonomous state within the Russian Empire .

  3. Russification of Finland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russification_of_Finland

    the Military of the Grand Duchy of Finland was made subject to Russian rules of military service. The Language Manifesto of 1900, a decree by Nicholas II which made Russian the language of administration of Finland (in 1900, there were an estimated 8,000 Russians in all of Finland, of a population of 2,700,000)—the Finns saw this as placing ...

  4. Governorates of the Grand Principality of Finland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Grand...

    In the Treaty of Fredrikshamn on September 17, 1809 Sweden was obliged to cede all its territory in Finland, east of the Torne River, to Russia. The ceded territories became a part of the Russian Empire and was reconstituted into the Grand Duchy of Finland, with the Russian Tsar as Grand Duke.

  5. File:General Map of the Grand Duchy of Finland. Indicating ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:General_Map_of_the...

    Distances are shown in versts, a Russian measure, now no longer used, equal to 1.0668 kilometers. Legends and place names are in Russian and Swedish. The territory depicted on the map roughly corresponds to that of present-day Finland. Finland was part of Sweden until 1809, when it became a Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire.

  6. Market Square, Helsinki - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_Square,_Helsinki

    The Market Square was born in the early 19th century when the centre of Helsinki was rebuilt to serve as the new capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland. The zoning plan of Johan Albrecht Ehrenström in 1812 made the old Suurtori square into the new monumental Senate Square and placed a new market square on the site of the former fishing piers ...

  7. Government Palace (Finland) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Palace_(Finland)

    So-called Amiraalisenaatti (government of the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1909–1917) in 1915. At the end of the table on the left Franz Albert Seyn and on the right Mikhail Borovitinov . The building from above in the 1960s

  8. Nikolay Bobrikov - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Bobrikov

    In 1898, Tsar Nicholas II appointed Bobrikov as the Governor-General of Finland as well as the Finnish Military District. Upon appointment, he introduced a Russification programme into the Grand Duchy, the 11 main points were: Unification of the Finnish army. Restricting the power of the Minister–Secretary of State.

  9. Military of the Grand Duchy of Finland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_the_Grand...

    Between 1809 and 1917, Finland was an autonomous part of the Russian Empire as the Grand Duchy of Finland. Between 1881 and 1901, the grand duchy had its own army. Before that, several other military units had also been formed. The Grand Duchy inherited its allotment system (Finnish: ruotujakolaitos, Swedish: indelningsverket) from the Swedish ...