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From Grand Duchy to a Modern State: A Political History of Finland Since 1809 (Hurst & Co. 1999). Kan, Aleksander. "Storfurstendömet Finland 1809–1917 – dess autonomi enligt den nutida finska historieskrivningen" (in Swedish) ["Autonomous Finland 1809–1917 in contemporary Finnish historiography"] Historisk Tidskrift, 2008, Issue 1, pp. 3 ...
In the Swedish kingdom the ceded territories was also known as Old Finland (Swedish: Gamla Finland, Finnish: Vanha Suomi), and between 1802 and 1812 it was named the "Finland Governorate". During the Napoleonic Wars, the Kingdom of Sweden had allied itself with the Russian Empire, United Kingdom and the other parties against Napoleonic France.
In 1809, the lost territory of Sweden became the Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous part of the Russian Empire. The Diet of Porvoo (later the Diet of Finland) recognized Alexander I of Russia as grand duke on 29 March 1809. For his part, Alexander confirmed the rights of the Finns, in particular, promising freedom to pursue their customs and ...
Map of governorates of the Russian Republic (Western part), 1917.. This is a list of governorates of the Russian Empire (Russian: губерния, pre-1918: губернія, romanized: guberniya) established between the administrative reform of 1708 and the establishment of the Kholm Governorate in 1912 (inclusive).
The governor-general was constitutionally the chairman of the Senate of Finland, the government in the autonomous grand duchy. The chairmanship he represented, with two votes in the Senate, belonged to the grand duke of Finland, a title held by the emperor of Russia. The governor-general was the highest representative of the emperor and ...
The reputation of the Aulanko hotel had grown both domestically and internationally, and its accommodation capacity eventually became too small. Thus, in 1938, the current functionalist-style main building was completed, designed by Märta Blomstedt and Matti Lampén. Upon its completion, Aulanko was the finest hotel in Finland. [1]
The Market Square was born in the early 19th century when the centre of Helsinki was rebuilt to serve as the new capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland. The zoning plan of Johan Albrecht Ehrenström in 1812 made the old Suurtori square into the new monumental Senate Square and placed a new market square on the site of the former fishing piers ...
Between 1809 and 1917, Finland was an autonomous part of the Russian Empire as the Grand Duchy of Finland. Between 1881 and 1901, the grand duchy had its own army. Before that, several other military units had also been formed. The Grand Duchy inherited its allotment system (Finnish: ruotujakolaitos, Swedish: indelningsverket) from the Swedish ...