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Epiphytes provide a rich and diverse habitat for other organisms including animals, fungi, bacteria, and myxomycetes. [5] Epiphyte is one of the subdivisions of the Raunkiær system. The term epiphytic derives from Greek epi- 'upon' and phyton 'plant'. Epiphytic plants are sometimes called "air plants" because they do not root in soil.
These plants, normally woody perennials, grow stems into the air, with their resting buds being more than 50 cm above the soil surface, [10] e.g. trees and shrubs, and also epiphytes, which Raunkiær later separated as a distinct class (see below). Raunkiær further divided the phanerophytes according to height as Megaphanerophytes ...
Strangler figs are hemiepiphytic – they may begin life as epiphytes but after making contact with the ground they encircle their host tree and "strangle" it. This usually results in the death of the host tree, either through girdling or through competition for light. [ 3 ]
In botany, phorophytes are plants on which epiphytes grow. The term is composed of phoro, meaning bearer or carrier [1] and phyte, meaning plant. [2] An epiphyte growing on the phorophyte bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) Phorophytic tree densely covered in epiphytic bromeliads
Epiphytes are plants which grow above the ground, on top of other plants. They are not planted in the soil and are not parasitic (i.e. they do not feed on other plants; however, some types still damage their host in various ways). By growing on other plants, the epiphytes can reach to the light better or where they can avoid struggling for light.
A. Aechmea dealbata; Aechmea fasciata; Aerides; Aeschynanthus; Aeschynanthus buxifolius; Aeschynanthus fulgens; Aglaomorpha (plant) Amyema arthrocaulis; Amyema benthamii
Nepenthes sp. Misool growing as a lithophyte in Raja Ampat, New Guinea. Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.They can be classified as either epilithic (or epipetric) or endolithic; epilithic lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic lithophytes grow in the crevices of rocks (and are also referred to as chasmophytes). [1]
According to Benzing (1990), epiphytes can be classified according to different criteria, for example growth-habit, climatic tolerance, relationship to the host, etc., Kress (1989) applies a broad definition of epiphyte', which includes holo-epiphytes, casual epiphytes, hemi-epiphytes, and even semi-epiphytic climbers.