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An extended Southwest Finland was made a titular grand duchy in 1581, when King Johan III of Sweden, who as a prince had been the duke of Finland (1556–1561/63), extended the list of subsidiary titles of the kings of Sweden considerably.
the Military of the Grand Duchy of Finland was made subject to Russian rules of military service. The Language Manifesto of 1900, a decree by Nicholas II which made Russian the language of administration of Finland (in 1900, there were an estimated 8,000 Russians in all of Finland, of a population of 2,700,000)—the Finns saw this as placing ...
This is a list of heads of state of Finland; that is, the kings of Sweden with regents and viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the grand dukes of Finland, a title used by most Swedish monarchs and Russian emperors, up to the two-year regency following the independence in 1917, with a brief flirtation with a truly domestic monarchy.
Governorates of the Grand Duchy of Finland during 1831–1917: Åbo och Björneborg Governorate (Russian: Або-Бьернеборгская губерния, Swedish: Åbo och Björneborgs län, Finnish: Turun ja Porin lääni) Kuopio Governorate (Russian: Куопиоская губерния, Swedish: Kuopio län, Finnish: Kuopion lääni)
By Bobrikov's initiative, the emperor issued the so-called trade decree in July 1900, giving Russians the right to practice trade in Finland and thus legalising the "laukkuryssä" trade. [ 5 ] The peddling trade grew less financially profitable starting from the late 19th century because of establishment of countryside stores.
Coat of arms of Finland under Swedish rule. After the final abolition of the Duchy of Finland and related feudal privileges in the late 16th century, the king of Sweden sporadically granted most or all of Finland under a specially appointed governor-general, who took care of the matters in the eastern part of the country more or less according to his own best judgement.