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dram now meant only avoirdupois drams, which were 1 ⁄ 16 of an avoirdupois ounce. An ounce consisted of 437.5 grains, thus making the dram exactly 27.34375 grains. drachm now meant only apothecaries' drachms, which were 1 ⁄ 8 of an apothecaries' ounce of 480 grains, or equal to 60 grains.
English-speaking countries also used a system of units of fluid measure, or in modern terminology volume units, based on the apothecaries' system. Originally, the terms and symbols used to describe the volume measurements of liquids were the same as or similar to those used to describe weight measurements of solids [33] (for example, the pound by weight and the fluid pint were both referred to ...
The grain was the legal foundation of traditional English weight systems, [5] and is the only unit that is equal throughout the troy, avoirdupois, and apothecaries' systems of mass. [6]: C-6 The unit was based on the weight of a single grain of barley which was equal to about + 4 ⁄ 3 the weight of a single grain of wheat.
Grains are used worldwide for measuring gunpowder and smokeless powder charges. Historically, the dram (27 + 11 ⁄ 32 grains; not to be mixed up with the apothecaries' dram of 60 grains) has also been used worldwide for measuring gunpowder charges, particularly for shotguns and large black-powder rifles.
When Troy weights replaced Tower weights in 1527, the Troy weights were defined in such a way that the old Tower pound came out to exactly 5,400 Troy grains (also known as barleycorns), the Tower pennyweight 22 + 1 ⁄ 2 Troy grains (and thus approximately 1.46 grams). After 1527, the English pennyweight was the Troy pennyweight. [3] of
0.1 × ( 12 ÷ 8 ) = 0.15 grain per dscf when corrected to a gas having a specified reference CO 2 content of 12 volume %. Notes: Although ppmv and grains per dscf have been used in the above examples, concentrations such as ppbv (i.e., parts per billion by volume), volume percent, grams per dscm and many others may also be used.
The only troy weight in widespread use is the British Imperial troy ounce and its American counterpart. Both are based on a grain of 0.06479891 gram (exact, by definition), with 480 grains to a troy ounce (compared with 437 + 1 ⁄ 2 grains for an ounce avoirdupois). The British Empire abolished the 12-ounce troy pound in the 19th century.
The scruple is 8 ⁄ 175 of an ounce (or 1 ⁄ 24 of a troy ounce), 1 ⁄ 3 dram, or 20 grains: [1] it is therefore exactly 1.2959782 grams. The Roman scruple was 11.875% smaller, therefore being exactly 1.14208078875 grams.