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Baclofen, sold under the brand name Lioresal among others, is a medication used to treat muscle spasticity, such as from a spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] It may also be used for hiccups and muscle spasms near the end of life, [ 9 ] and off-label to treat alcohol use disorder [ 10 ] [ 11 ] or opioid withdrawal symptoms. [ 12 ]
Suvorexant is used for the treatment of insomnia, characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance, in adults. [2] [6] At a dose of 15 to 20 mg and in terms of treatment–placebo difference, it reduces time to sleep onset by up to 10 minutes, reduces time awake after sleep onset by about 15 to 30 minutes, and increases total sleep time by about 10 to 20 minutes. [2]
"Strength" is defined as analgesic potency relative to oral morphine. Tolerance , sensitization , cross-tolerance , metabolism , and hyperalgesia may be complex factors in some individuals. Interactions with other drugs , food and drink , and other factors may increase or decrease the effect of certain analgesics and alter their half-life.
Diclofenac, sold under the brand name Voltaren among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammatory diseases such as gout. [6] [9] It can be taken orally (swallowed by mouth), inserted rectally as a suppository, injected intramuscularly, injected intravenously, applied to the skin topically, or through eye drops.
The age of onset is the age at which an individual acquires, develops, or first experiences a condition or symptoms of a disease or disorder. For instance, the general age of onset for the spinal disease scoliosis is "10-15 years old," [ 1 ] meaning that most people develop scoliosis when they are of age between ten and fifteen years.
Pancuronium is used with general anesthesia in surgery for muscle relaxation and as an aid to intubation or ventilation. It does not have sedative or analgesic effects.. Side-effects include moderately raised heart rate and thereby arterial pressure and cardiac output, excessive salivation, apnea and respiratory depression, rashes, flushing, and sweating.
The pump can be adjusted if muscle tone is worse at certain times of the day or night. The baclofen pump is most appropriate for individuals with chronic, severe stiffness or uncontrolled muscle movement throughout the body. [81] There is a small amount of evidence that baclofen pumps are effective in the short term. [70]
The lactate threshold is a useful measure for deciding exercise intensity for training and racing in endurance sports (e.g., long distance running, cycling, rowing, long distance swimming and cross country skiing), but varies between individuals and can be increased with training.