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Cocaine is a powerful stimulant known to make users feel energetic, cheerful, talkative, etc. In time, negative side effects include increased body temperature, irregular or rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and even sudden death from cardiac arrest.
A protracted withdrawal syndrome can occur with symptoms persisting for months to years after cessation of substance use. Benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol, and any other drug may induce prolonged withdrawal and have similar effects, with symptoms sometimes persisting for years after cessation of use. Psychosis including severe anxiety and ...
Stimulant use disorder is a type of substance use disorder where the use of stimulants caused clinically significant impairment or distress. It is defined in the DSM-5 as "the continued use of amphetamine-type substances, cocaine, or other stimulants leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, from mild to severe". [1]
When substituted amphetamines are used, drug tolerance develops rapidly. [8] Amphetamine dependence has shown to have the highest remission rate compared to cannabis, cocaine, and opioids. [9] Severe withdrawal associated with dependence from recreational substituted amphetamine use can be difficult for a user to cope with.
Psychosis may also result from withdrawal from stimulants, particularly when psychotic symptoms were present during use. [7] The most common causative agents are substituted amphetamines, including substituted cathinones, as well as certain dopamine reuptake inhibitors such as cocaine and phenidates.
The adverse side effects of amphetamine are many and varied, and the amount of amphetamine used is the primary factor in determining the likelihood and severity of adverse effects. [29] [41] Amphetamine products such as Adderall, Dexedrine, and their generic equivalents are currently approved by the U.S. FDA for long-term therapeutic use.
Alcohol and cocaine (for example coca wine) increase cardiovascular toxicity; [10] alcohol or depressant drugs, when taken with opioids, lead to an increased risk of overdose; Opioids or cocaine taken with ecstasy or amphetamines also result in additional acute toxicity. [11]
Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the phenethylamine class that is approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. [83] Amphetamine is also used off-label as a performance and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant.