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Ilm al-kalam [a] or ilm al-lahut, [b] often shortened to kalam, is the scholastic, speculative, or rational study of Islamic theology (). [2] It can also be defined as the science that studies the fundamental doctrines of Islamic faith (usul al-din), proving their validity, or refuting doubts regarding them. [3]
Ham [a] (in Hebrew: חָם), according to the Table of Nations in the Book of Genesis, was the second son of Noah [1] and the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut and Canaan. [2] [3] Ham's descendants are interpreted by Josephus and others as having populated Africa. The Bible refers to Egypt as "the land of Ham" in Psalm 78:51; 105:23, 27; 106:22; 1 ...
Further difficulties include Ham's being referred to as "the youngest son", when all other lists make him Noah's second son. [12] Biblical scholar Nahum Sarna says that the biggest challenge of the narrative is why Canaan was cursed, rather than Ham, [ 12 ] and that the concealed details of the shameful incident bear the same reticence as ...
Ham ibn Him ibn Laqis ibn Iblis, grandson of Iblis, exception among the devils, who followed the prophets. (Devil) Harut and Marut, fallen angels tempting humans in Babylon to perform magic, mentioned in Quran. [17] (Angels) Hanzab and Hadis, devils who distract Muslims from prayers. (Devils) Hinn, either a weak class of jinn or their ...
Shiʿi Islam [4] [5] Many of the same subjects are studied at Shiʿi seminaries (known as hawza), but there are some differences: Falsafa (Islamic philosophy) Fiqh (jurisprudence) 'Ilm al-Hadith (traditions) Ilm al-Kalam (theology) 'Ilm ar-Rijal (evaluation of biographies) ʿIrfān (Islamic mysticism) Manṭiq (Logic) Lugha (language studies)
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
Combinatorics is an area of mathematics primarily concerned with counting, both as a means and as an end to obtaining results, and certain properties of finite structures.It is closely related to many other areas of mathematics and has many applications ranging from logic to statistical physics and from evolutionary biology to computer science.
3 out of 4638576 [1] or out of 580717, [2] if rotations and reflections are not counted as distinct, Hamiltonian cycles on a square grid graph 8х8. Enumerative combinatorics is an area of combinatorics that deals with the number of ways that certain patterns can be formed.