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The Three Crowned Kings, [a] were the triumvirate of Chera, Chola and Pandya who dominated the politics of the ancient Tamil country, Tamilakam, from their three Nadu (countries) of Chola Nadu, Pandya Nadu (present day Madurai and Tirunelveli) and Chera Nadu (present day Kerala and some parts of Tamilnadu) in southern India.
[2] [3] The Cheras, known as one of the mu-ventar (the Three Kings) of Tamilakam (the Tamil Country) alongside the Chola and Pandya, has been documented as early as the third century BCE. [4] The Chera country was geographically well-placed at the tip of the Indian peninsula to profit from maritime trade via the extensive Indian Ocean networks.
The frequent conflicts between the Chera, the Chola and the Pandya are well documented in ancient (the Sangam) Tamil poetry. [75] The Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas also controlled the ports of Muziris (Muchiri), Korkai and Kaveri respectively (for the trade with the Graeco-Roman world). [15]
Greek ethnographer Megasthenes describes Madurai as the capital of the Pandya dynasty. [15] [16] c. 250 BCE: Ashoka's inscription recording the four kingdoms (Chera, Cholas, Pandya and Satyaputra) of the ancient Tamil country. c. 205 BCE: Elara, a Tamil prince and contemporary of Sinhalese king Dutugamunu, ursurpes the throne of the ...
The Pandya dynasty, also referred to as the Pandyas of Madurai, was an ancient dynasty of South India, and among the three great kingdoms of Tamilakam, the other two being the Cholas and the Cheras. Extant since at least the 4th to 3rd centuries BCE, the dynasty passed through two periods of imperial dominance, the 6th to 10th centuries CE, and ...
The Chola empire was at its peak and achieved imperialism under the Medieval Cholas in the mid-9th century CE. As one of the Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam, along with the Chera and Pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over varying territories until the 13th century CE. The heartland of the Cholas was the fertile valley of the Kaveri River ...
The Chera kings had the title Villavar Kon, as the Villavar clan founded the ancient Chera Kingdom. Villavar means archer in Tamil. [6] Chola Dynasty: Pouncing Tiger: The tiger flag of Chola is mentioned in the Periya Puranam. [7] Pandya Dynasty: Twin fish: According to legend, the goddess Meenakshi was born as the daughter of a Pandya king ...
Kulasekhara died in the course of the war or soon after. The last great Chola Kulottunga III, as heir-apparent, took up the cause of his son Vikrama Pandya vigorously, and, according to the Chola record at Tirukkollambudur of the fourth year of Kulottunga III (A.D. 1182) "the Singhalese soldiers had their noses cut off and rushed into the sea.