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Thyrotoxicosis factitia (alimentary thyrotoxicosis, exogenous thyrotoxicosis) [1] [2] is a condition of thyrotoxicosis caused by the ingestion [3] of exogenous thyroid hormone. [4] [5] It can be the result of mistaken ingestion of excess drugs, such as levothyroxine [6] and triiodothyronine, [7] or as a symptom of Munchausen syndrome.
Thyroid hormone uptake (T uptake or T 3 uptake) is a measure of the unbound thyroxine binding globulins in the blood, that is, the TBG that is unsaturated with thyroid hormone. [2] Unsaturated TBG increases with decreased levels of thyroid hormones. It is not directly related to triiodothyronine, despite the name T 3 uptake. [2] Reference ranges:
Though the exact cause of myxedema is still unclear, a wealth of research has demonstrated the importance of iodine. [10] In an important study [11] the researchers showed that in the myxedematous type of cretinism treatment with iodine normalizes thyroid function provided that the treatment is begun early in the postnatal period. If not, the ...
The abnormality in the channel is thought to lead to shifts of potassium into cells, under conditions of high thyroxine (thyroid hormone) levels, usually with an additional precipitant. Treatment of the low levels of potassium in the blood, followed by correction of the hyperthyroidism, leads to complete resolution of the attacks.
[10] [3] IL-1β has been shown to decrease liver D1, [10] as well as thyroid hormone receptor (THR) levels. IL-6 and TNFa downregulate D1 and suppress TSH, are negatively correlated with fT3, and are positively correlated with rT3. [3] NF-κB also inhibits D1, and decreases the expression of Thyroid receptors α and β. [3]
Toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), also known as multinodular toxic goiter (MNTG), is an active multinodular goiter associated with hyperthyroidism.. It is a common cause of hyperthyroidism [2] [3] in which there is excess production of thyroid hormones from functionally autonomous thyroid nodules, which do not require stimulation from thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
[1] [2] [3] Thyroid function test will evolve through the three phases of thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, and euthyroid state. In the thyrotoxic phase, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) will be low with high or normal levels of thyroid hormones. Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are ...
In pregnancy, subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as a TSH between 2.5 and 10 mIU/L with a normal thyroxine level, while those with TSH above 10 mIU/L are considered to be overtly hypothyroid even if the thyroxine level is normal. [44]