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Research has consistently shown strong associations between affective disorders and substance use disorders. Specifically, people with mood disorders are at increased risk of substance use disorders. [1] Affect and addiction can be related in a variety of ways as they play a crucial role in influencing motivated behaviours.
One of the earliest theories of addiction was the reward effect. This theory suggests that an individual consumes a substance that will elicit a pleasurable effect. The individual continues to use this substance to recreate this same feeling, ultimately becoming addicted to the sensation they receive from the substance. [34]
An addictive personality refers to a hypothesized set of personality traits that make an individual predisposed to developing addictions.This hypothesis states that there may be common personality traits observable in people suffering from addiction; however, the lack of a universally agreed upon definition has marked the research surrounding addictive personality.
Robinson has maintained a research program focusing on the psychological and neurobiological basis of addiction, especially the persistent effects of repeated psychostimulant drug use on behavior and neurobiology, and with his colleague Kent C. Berridge he has also contributed highly cited theoretical articles on the role of incentive ...
Some evolutionary psychological theories concerning drug use suggest individuals consume drugs to increase reproductive opportunities. Drug use can increase reproductive fitness because drug use can (1) advertise biological quality, sexual maturity, or availability, (2) decrease inhibitions in mating contexts, and/or (3) enhance associative ...
Stress is a life event or series of events that disrupt a person's psychological equilibrium and may catalyze the development of a disorder. [3] Thus the diathesis-stress model serves to explore how biological or genetic traits ( diatheses ) interact with environmental influences ( stressors ) to produce disorders such as depression, anxiety ...
Many neurobiological theories of addiction place repeated or continued use of the drug in the path of addiction development. For example, researchers have theorized that addiction is the result of the shift from goal-directed actions to habits and ultimately, to compulsive drug-seeking and taking. [18] [19]
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...