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A tipi or tepee (/ ˈ t iː p i / TEE-pee) is a conical lodge tent that is distinguished from other conical tents by the smoke flaps at the top of the structure, and historically made of animal hides or pelts or, in more recent generations, of canvas stretched on a framework of wooden poles.
An uncovered Lakota tipi displaying the internal lodgepole configuration. Later, Whitwam decided to add tipis as a way to pay homage to the Plains Indians and especially to the Sioux; Whitwam later explained he realized, as they were on the land first, it would be appropriate to include Native structures. [4]
A flap in the animal skins serves as a doorway, and a hole in the center of the tepee’s roof allows smoke and heat to escape. In Lakota culture, the four sides of a tepee represent both space and time. The tepee itself symbolizes the world, with each corner embodying one of the four cardinal directions. [6]
The general pattern of a tipi (also "tepee") ring is an east-facing entrance, where there are no stones, and a heavily anchored side with extra stones for protection against prevailing winds, often on the northwestern side of the ring. Hearths found in the center of tipi rings suggest a winter encampment.
Preceding the lawsuit, Native American experts on sweat lodges criticized the reported construction and conduct of the lodge as not meeting traditional ways ("bastardized", "mocked" and "desecrated"). Indian leaders expressed concerns and prayers for the dead and injured. The leaders said the ceremony is their way of life [2] and not a religion.
It has a design similar to a Native American tipi but is less vertical and more stable in high winds. It enables the Indigenous cultures of the treeless plains of northern Scandinavia and the high Arctic of Eurasia to follow their reindeer herds. It is still used as a temporary shelter by the Sámi, and increasingly by other people for camping.
This is a list of Southern African trees, shrubs, suffrutices, geoxyles and lianes, and is intended to cover Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. [1] The notion of 'indigenous' is of necessity a blurred concept, and is clearly a function of both time and political boundaries.
A tipi of the Nez Perce tribe, c. 1900.The excess fabric at the top of the structure is the smoke hole and smoke flaps. A smoke hole (smokehole, smoke-hole) is a hole in a roof for the smoke from a fire to vent. [1]