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Bolsheviks were in constant need of money because Lenin practised his beliefs, expressed in his writings, that revolutions must be led by individuals who devote their entire lives to the cause. As compensation, he rewarded them with salaries for their sacrifice and dedication.
The Bolsheviks were supported, although not without criticism of their political practice, [62] [63] by left–wing theorists in Europe, such as Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht. At the same time, this political trend rejected the centrist social democrats , for example, Karl Kautsky [ 64 ] and the extreme left supporters of " workers ...
According to the 1922 Bolshevik party census, there were 19,564 Jewish Bolsheviks, comprising 5.21% of the total, and in the 1920s of the 417 members of the Central Executive Committee, the party Central Committee, the Presidium of the Executive of the Soviets of the USSR and the Russian Republic, the People's Commissars, 6% were ethnic Jews. [17]
The Bolsheviks initially shared power with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and allowed a multi-party Constituent Assembly, but during the Russian Civil War centralised power in their Communist Party and suppressed opposition in the Red Terror, in which tens of thousands were killed or imprisoned.
The Bolsheviks closed churches and used them for other purposes. There were accounts of drunken orgies taking place in the desecrated churches. [citation needed] The pretexts for these killings was usually alleged support for the enemy, criticism of the Bolsheviks and/or their ideology, or for liberal and/or bourgeois sympathies.
Because of its identification with Zionism, Hebrew was taught only in schools for diplomats. Most of the 5,000 synagogues functioning prior to the Bolshevik Revolution were closed under Stalin, and others were closed under Khrushchev. The practice of Judaism became very difficult, intensifying the desire of Jews to leave the Soviet Union. [42]
The National Bolshevik project of figures such as Niekisch and Paetel was typically presented as just another strand of Bolshevism by the Nazi Party, and was thus viewed just as negatively and as part of a "Jewish conspiracy". [28] After Hitler's rise to power, many National Bolsheviks were arrested and imprisoned or fled the country.
The Soviet regime had an ostensible commitment to the complete annihilation of religious institutions and ideas. [11] Communist ideology could not coexist with the continued influence of religion even as an independent institutional entity, so "Lenin demanded that communist propaganda must employ militancy and irreconcilability towards all forms of idealism and religion", and that was called ...