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In statics and structural mechanics, a structure is statically indeterminate when the equilibrium equations – force and moment equilibrium conditions – are insufficient for determining the internal forces and reactions on that structure. [1] [2]
Statics is used in the analysis of structures, for instance in architectural and structural engineering. Strength of materials is a related field of mechanics that relies heavily on the application of static equilibrium. A key concept is the center of gravity of a body at rest: it represents an imaginary point at which all the mass of a body ...
[1] [2] [3] Time and methods engineering use statistics to study repetitive operations in manufacturing in order to set standards and find optimum (in some sense) manufacturing procedures. Reliability engineering which measures the ability of a system to perform for its intended function (and time) and has tools for improving performance. [2 ...
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge.
These are often considered interdisciplinary fields, but are also of interest to engineering mathematics. [2] Specialized branches include engineering optimization and engineering statistics. Engineering mathematics in tertiary education typically consists of mathematical methods and models courses. [3]
In a broad sense, the term graphic statics is used to describe the technique of solving particular practical problems of statics using graphical means. [1] Actively used in the architecture of the 19th century, the methods of graphic statics were largely abandoned in the second half of the 20th century, primarily due to widespread use of frame structures of steel and reinforced concrete that ...
The Science of Structural Engineering. Imperial College Press. ISBN 1-86094-189-3. Hognestad, E. A Study of Combined Bending and Axial Load in Reinforced Concrete Members. University of Illinois, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin Series N. 399. Jennings, Alan (2004) Structures: From Theory to Practice. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415 ...
In 1968, John Hammersley stated a lower bound of / + /. [4] This can be achieved using a shape resembling an old-fashioned telephone handset , consisting of two quarter-disks of radius 1 on either side of a 1 by 4 / π {\displaystyle 4/\pi } rectangle from which a half-disk of radius 2 / π {\displaystyle 2/\pi } has been removed.