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The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art is a Chinese mathematics book, composed by several generations of scholars from the 10th–2nd century BCE, its latest stage being from the 1st century CE. This book is one of the earliest surviving mathematical texts from China , the others being the Suan shu shu (202 BCE – 186 BCE) and Zhoubi ...
The first reference to a book being used in learning mathematics in China is dated to the second century CE (Hou Hanshu: 24, 862; 35,1207). We are told that Ma Xu, who is a youth c. 110 , and Zheng Xuan (127–200) both studied the Nine Chapters on Mathematical procedures .
The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, a mathematics Chinese book composed by several generations scholars of Han dynasty. The Thousand Character Classic , attributed to Zhou Xingsi. The Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era , compiled by Gautama Siddha , is a Chinese encyclopedia on astrology and divination.
Chapter 1 discusses measurement units of length, weight and capacity, and the rules of counting rods.Although counting rods were in use in the Spring and Autumn period and there were many ancient books on mathematics such as Book on Numbers and Computation and The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, no detailed account of the rules was given.
Christopher Cullen: The Suan shu shu Writings on reckoning, Needham Research Institute, pdf free download ; Cullen, Christopher (2007). "The Suàn shù shū, "Writings on reckoning": Rewriting the history of early Chinese mathematics in the light of an excavated manuscript". Historia Mathematica. 34: 10– 44. doi: 10.1016/j.hm.2005.11.006.
Book of Documents A collection of documents and speeches alleged to have been written by rulers and officials of the early Zhou period and before. It is possibly the oldest Chinese narrative, and may date from the 6th century BC. It includes examples of early Chinese prose. Book of Rites Describes ancient rites, social forms and court ceremonies.
An abacus (pl. abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a hand-operated calculating tool which was used from ancient times in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, until the adoption of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. [1] An abacus consists of a two-dimensional array of slidable beads (or similar objects). In their ...
Wu Jing (Chinese: 吳敬; pinyin: Wú Jìng; Wade–Giles: Wu Ching, fl. 15th century), courtesy name Xinmin (信民), art name Zhu Yi Weng (主一翁), was a Chinese accountant, mathematician, and writer of the Ming dynasty who in 1450 published the arithmetic treatise Jiuzhang Suanfa Bilei Daquan (九章算法比類大全, "Complete Description of the Nine Chapters on Arithmetical Techniques").