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The angiotensin II receptors, (ATR1) and (ATR2), are a class of G protein-coupled receptors with angiotensin II as their ligands. [1] They are important in the renin–angiotensin system : they are responsible for the signal transduction of the vasoconstricting stimulus of the main effector hormone, angiotensin II .
ACE is a target of ACE inhibitor drugs, which decrease the rate of angiotensin II production. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by stimulating the Gq protein in vascular smooth muscle cells (which in turn activates an IP3-dependent mechanism leading to a rise in intracellular calcium levels and ultimately causing contraction).
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1), or ACE, is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body. It converts the hormone angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Therefore, ACE indirectly increases blood pressure by causing blood ...
11609 Ensembl ENSG00000180772 ENSMUSG00000068122 UniProt P50052 P35374 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000686 NM_001385624 NM_007429 RefSeq (protein) NP_000677 NP_031455 Location (UCSC) Chr X: 116.17 – 116.17 Mb Chr X: 21.35 – 21.36 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Angiotensin II receptor type 2, also known as the AT 2 receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AGTR2 ...
Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) is a G q/11-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and the best characterized angiotensin receptor. It is encoded in humans by the AGTR1 gene. AT1 has vasopressor effects and regulates aldosterone secretion. It is an important effector controlling blood pressure and volume in the cardiovascular system.
However, when the blood circulates through the lungs a pulmonary capillary endothelial enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) cleaves a further two amino acids from angiotensin I to form an octapeptide known as angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a hormone which acts on the adrenal cortex, causing the release into the blood of the ...
However, the specific mechanisms for generating an increased intracellular concentration of calcium depends on the vasoconstrictor. Smooth muscle cells are capable of generating action potentials, but this mechanism is rarely utilized for contraction in the vasculature. Hormonal or pharmacokinetic components are more physiologically relevant.
The resulting cleaved protein is known as soluble ACE2 or sACE2. It is released into the bloodstream where one of sACE2's functions is to turn excess angiotensin II into angiotensin 1-7 which binds to MasR receptors creating localized vasodilation and hence decreasing blood pressure. Excess sACE2 may ultimately be excreted in the urine. [18] [19]