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  2. Nomothetic and idiographic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomothetic_and_idiographic

    Nomothetic and idiographic are terms used by Neo-Kantian philosopher Wilhelm Windelband to describe two distinct approaches to knowledge, each one corresponding to a different intellectual tendency, and each one corresponding to a different branch of academia. To say that Windelband supported that last dichotomy is a consequent misunderstanding ...

  3. Antipositivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipositivism

    In social science, antipositivism (also interpretivism, negativism [citation needed] or antinaturalism) is a theoretical stance which proposes that the social realm cannot be studied with the methods of investigation utilized within the natural sciences, and that investigation of the social realm requires a different epistemology.

  4. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    [83] [84] The effect is strongest for explanatory knowledge, whereas people tend to be better at self-assessments for procedural, narrative, or factual knowledge. [ 84 ] [ 85 ] Impostor Syndrome , a psychological occurrence in which an individual doubts their skills, talents, or accomplishments and has a persistent internalized fear of being ...

  5. A priori and a posteriori - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori

    A priori knowledge is independent from any experience. Examples include mathematics, [i] tautologies and deduction from pure reason. [ii] A posteriori knowledge depends on empirical evidence. Examples include most fields of science and aspects of personal knowledge.

  6. Definitions of knowledge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_knowledge

    Definitions of knowledge aim to identify the essential features of knowledge. Closely related terms are conception of knowledge, theory of knowledge, and analysis of knowledge. Some general features of knowledge are widely accepted among philosophers, for example, that it involves cognitive success and epistemic contact with reality.

  7. Tacit knowledge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacit_knowledge

    Tacit knowledge can be defined as skills, ideas and experiences that are possessed by people but are not codified and may not necessarily be easily expressed. [5] With tacit knowledge, people are not often aware of the knowledge they possess or how it can be valuable to others.

  8. Obscurantism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscurantism

    In the 18th century, the Marquis de Condorcet was a political scientist who correctly perceived obscurantism as a contributing cause of the French Revolution in 1789.. In restricting education and knowledge to a ruling class, obscurantism is anti-democratic in its components of anti-intellectualism and social elitism, which exclude the majority of the people, deemed unworthy of knowing the ...

  9. General knowledge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_knowledge

    General knowledge is information that has been accumulated over time through various media and sources. [1] It excludes specialized learning that can only be obtained with extensive training and information confined to a single medium. General knowledge is an essential component of crystallized intelligence.