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Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
In certain cases antibiotics or dental surgery may be recommended. [12] Clinical investigations demonstrate that quitting smoking and making dietary changes enhance periodontal health. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Globally, 538 million people were estimated to be affected in 2015 and has been known to affect 10–15% of the population generally.
Otherwise, losing teeth is undesirable and is the result of injury or disease, such as dental avulsion, tooth decay, and gum disease. The condition of being toothless or missing one or more teeth is called edentulism. Tooth loss has been shown to causally reduce overall health and wellbeing as it increases the probability of depression. [1]
Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity . [1] This can result in a sharp chest pain while breathing. [1] Occasionally the pain may be a constant dull ache. [5] Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, fever, or weight loss, depending on the underlying cause.
Antibiotic in case of a sudden onset of symptoms in less than 24 hours. [ 8 ] Periapical periodontitis or apical periodontitis [ 9 ] ( AP ) is an acute or chronic inflammatory lesion around the apex of a tooth root , most commonly caused by bacterial invasion of the pulp of the tooth . [ 10 ]
The dental professional explains the clinical significance of the recorded measurements and provides personalized recommendations for treatment or improvements in oral hygiene. This step is essential for enhancing patient awareness, promoting adherence to periodontal therapy, and supporting long-term oral health maintenance.
The most common location of dry socket: in the socket of an extracted mandibular third molar (wisdom tooth). Since alveolar osteitis is not primarily an infection, there is not usually any pyrexia (fever) or cervical lymphadenitis (swollen glands in the neck), and only minimal edema (swelling) and erythema (redness) is present in the soft tissues surrounding the socket.
A 1930s poster from the Work Projects Administration promoting oral hygiene. Tooth decay is the most common global disease. [14] Over 80% of cavities occur inside fissures in teeth where brushing cannot reach food left trapped after eating and saliva and fluoride have no access to neutralize acid and remineralize demineralized teeth, unlike easy-to-clean parts of the tooth, where fewer ...