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A 2016 mapping of 41 countries’ corporate liability systems shows wide variations in approaches to liability, and that corporate liability is a dynamic area of legal innovation and evolution. [ 1 ] The term legal person refers to a business entity (often a corporation, but possibly other legal entities, as specified by law) that has both ...
Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies. The claimant is the one who seeks to establish, or prove, liability.
Corporate law (also known as company law or enterprise law) is the body of law governing the rights, relations, and conduct of persons, companies, organizations and businesses. The term refers to the legal practice of law relating to corporations, or to the theory of corporations .
Members have liability either for the amount, if any, that is unpaid on the shares they hold, or for the amount they have undertaken to contribute to company assets, in the event that it is wound up. A public limited company. Must have at least seven members. Liability is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on shares they hold.
An initial inquiry into the causes of the 2008 financial crisis (2009) 9(1) Journal of Corporate Law Studies 1; C Hansen, Other Constituency Statutes: A Search for Perspective (1991) 46(4) The Business Lawyer 1355; Henry Hansmann and Reiner Kraakman, Towards Unlimited Liability for Corporate Torts, 100(7) Yale Law Journal 1879 (1991)
Piercing the corporate veil or lifting the corporate veil is a legal decision to treat the rights or duties of a corporation as the rights or liabilities of its shareholders. Usually a corporation is treated as a separate legal person , which is solely responsible for the debts it incurs and the sole beneficiary of the credit it is owed.
An anonymous limited liability company is an LLC for which ownership information is not made publicly available by the state. [45] [46] Anonymity is possible in states that do not require the public disclosure of legal ownership of an LLC, or where an LLC's identified legal owners are another anonymous company. [46]
De facto corporation and corporation by estoppel are both terms that are used by courts in most common law jurisdictions to describe circumstances in which a business organization that has failed to become a de jure corporation (a corporation by law) will nonetheless be treated as a corporation, thereby shielding shareholders from liability.