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Measles (probably from Middle Dutch or Middle High German masel(e) ("blemish, blood blister")) [11] is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable infectious disease ...
The virus causes measles, a highly contagious disease transmitted by respiratory aerosols that triggers a temporary but severe immunosuppression.Symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes and a generalized, maculopapular, erythematous rash and a pathognomonic Koplik spot seen on buccal mucosa opposite to lower 1st and 2nd molars.
Measles is seldom given as an individual vaccine and is often given in combination with rubella, mumps, or varicella (chickenpox) vaccines. [1] Below is the list of measles-containing vaccines: Measles vaccine (standalone vaccine) Measles and rubella combined vaccine ; Mumps, measles and rubella combined vaccine (MMR vaccine) [70] [73] [74]
Measles cases in the US from 1938 to 2019. Before the vaccine was available in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that about three to four million were infected each year, of which approx. 500,000 were reported, with 400 to 500 people dying and 48,000 being hospitalized as a result.
Measles is quite uncommon in populations of highly vaccinated areas, yet when it does occur, it is more commonly seen in adults. [19] The development of the measles vaccine has been vital in reducing outbreaks. Without a measles vaccine, measles epidemics could happen every 2 to 5 years and last up to 3 to 4 months at a time. [22]
Measles rash shown on child. Rash normally appears after 4 days. In the United States, before the measles vaccination program started in 1963, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that about three to four million people were infected each year, of which approximately 500,000 were reported, with 400 to 500 people dying and 48,000 being hospitalized. [2]
Measles & Rubella Initiative (MRI), launched in 2001, is a long-term commitment and partnership among leaders in public health and supports the goal of reducing measles deaths globally by 90% by 2010 compared to 2000 estimates.
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