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Based on 4 specimens, the A. africanus brain volume averaged about 420–510 cc (26–31 cu in). Based on this, neonatal brain size was estimated to have been 165.5–190 cc (10.10–11.59 cu in) using trends seen in adult and neonate brain size in modern primates.
The size of the brain is a frequent topic of study within the fields of anatomy, biological anthropology, animal science and evolution.Measuring brain size and cranial capacity is relevant both to humans and other animals, and can be done by weight or volume via MRI scans, by skull volume, or by neuroimaging intelligence testing.
KNM-ER 406, the skull of a Paranthropus, brain volume estimated to 410 cm 3 with a visible sagittal crest and mild or intermediate post-orbital constriction but KNM-ER 37333, the skull of a Homo erectus, brain volume of 850 cm 3 with no visual sagittal crest and an almost not present or reduced post-orbital constriction.
The brains of most species of Australopithecus were roughly 35% of the size of a modern human brain [40] with an endocranial volume average of 466 cc (28.4 cu in). [13]
The brain volume of Lucy was estimated to have been 365–417 cc, specimen AL 822-1 about 374–392 cc, AL 333-45 about 486–492 cc, and AL 444-2 about 519–526 cc. This would make for an average of about 445 cc. The brain volumes of the infant (about 2.5 years of age) specimens DIK-1-1 and AL 333-105 are 273–277 and 310–315 cc, respectively.
After all of the data, all observations concluded that the main development that occurred during evolution was the increase of brain size. [52] However, recent research has called into question the hypothesis of a threefold increase in brain size when comparing Homo sapiens with Australopithecus and chimpanzees. For example, in an article ...
Increased postcanine size can be correlated with the evolution of other physiological traits [17] [21] [22] [23] Inverse trends of brain mass and molar size point to diet and food processing as a linking factor; encephalization is a crucial consideration in the development of tool usage and extraoral food processing that was observed in Homo ...
There has been a gradual increase in brain volume as humans progressed along the timeline of evolution (see Homininae), starting from about 600 cm 3 in Homo habilis up to 1500 cm 3 in Homo neanderthalensis. Thus, in general there's a positive correlation between brain volume and intelligence. [4]