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Unequal access to education in the United States results in unequal outcomes for students. Disparities in academic access among students in the United States are the result of multiple factors including government policies, school choice, family wealth, parenting style, implicit bias towards students' race or ethnicity, and the resources available to students and their schools.
While pre-tax income is the primary driver of income inequality, the less progressive tax code further increased the share of after-tax income going to the highest income groups. For example, had these tax changes not occurred, the after-tax income share of the top 0.1% would have been approximately 4.5% in 2000 instead of the 7.3% actual figure.
Income inequality has fluctuated considerably since measurements began around 1915, declining between peaks in the 1920s and 2007 (CBO data [2]) or 2012 (Piketty, Saez, Zucman data [15]). Inequality steadily increased from around 1979 to 2007, with a small reduction through 2016, [2] [16] [17] followed by an increase from 2016 to 2018. [18]
Income inequality is a discussion that’s been surfacing off and on for years now, but thanks to presidential politics, it’s once again in the headlines.
Achievement gaps between boys and girls in the United States are more pronounced in reading and writing than in math and science. Traditionally, girls have outperformed boys in reading and writing. Although this gap may be minimal in kindergarten, it grows as students continue their education.
Along with housing instability, food insecurity is also linked with reduced academic achievement, specifically in math and reading. Having no classrooms and limited learning materials negatively impacts the learning process for children. In many parts of the world, old and worn textbooks are often shared by six or more students at a time. [6]
Income inequality affects income segregation. Among low-income households the difference between incomes do not significantly vary. Thus, income inequality is generally stronger among high-income households – i.e., upper-tail income inequality. In other words, there is little or no significant impact of the income inequality on income ...
Buildings in Rio de Janeiro, demonstrating economic inequality. Effects of income inequality, researchers have found, include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods, [1] a lower population-wide satisfaction and happiness [2] [3] and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected for high-end consumption. [4]