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Bidirectional microphone pattern. Based on public domain images by User:Dachsund like Image:Omnipattern.png and Image:Shotgunpattern.png. I just took either his or other images from the web, imported them into Inkscape, and sketched on top of them. Then I did simplify path a lot. Partially an experiment in SVG, partially just making new images.
The sensitivity pattern of a bidirectional microphone (red dot) viewed from above. In a moving-coil microphone, the diaphragm is attached to a light movable coil that generates a voltage as it moves back and forth between the poles of a permanent magnet. In ribbon microphones, a very thin light metal ribbon (usually corrugated) is suspended ...
The polar patterns illustrated above represent the locus of points in polar coordinates that produce the same signal level output in the microphone if a given sound pressure level (SPL) is generated from that point. How the physical body of the microphone is oriented relative to the diagrams depends on the microphone design.
Mid/side coincident technique employs a bidirectional microphone (with a figure of 8 polar pattern) facing sideways and a cardioid (generally a variety of cardioid, although Alan Blumlein described the usage of an omnidirectional transducer in his original patent) facing the sound source.
The pair consists of an array of two matched microphones that have a bi-directional ("figure-eight") polar pattern, positioned 90° from each other. Ideally, the transducers should occupy the same physical space; since this cannot be achieved, the microphone capsules are placed as close to each other as physically possible, generally with one ...
Lip-ribbon microphones use baffles to create an acoustic labyrinth within the body of the microphone. [1] The microphone's bi-directional polar pattern controls interference; sound from the commentator reaches one side of the ribbon more than the other, whereas sounds from other sources contact both sides of the ribbon (at a difference in phase of 180°) and cancel out. [1]
The microphone's diaphragm is placed between the two ports; sound arriving from an ambient sound field reaches both ports more or less equally. Sound that's much closer to the front port than to the rear will make more of a pressure gradient between the front and back of the diaphragm, causing it to move more.
Schoeps' BLM 3 boundary microphone is unusual in that it has a "pressure transducer" capsule that provides a hemispherical pickup pattern. AKG's PZM11 is a weather-resistant boundary microphone. It can be installed outdoors in places such as fast-food restaurant drive-through lanes, toll road booths, and security intercoms.