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  2. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_guanosine...

    In mammalian cells, cGAMP is synthesized by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase from ATP and GTP upon cytosolic DNA stimulation. [2] cGAMP produced by cGAS contains mixed phosphodiester linkages, with one between 2'-OH of GMP and 5'-phosphate of AMP and the other between 3'-OH of AMP and 5'-phosphate of GMP. [3] [4] [5] [6]

  3. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_guanosine_monophosphate

    Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second messenger much like cyclic AMP. Its most likely mechanism of action is activation of intracellular protein kinases in response to the binding of membrane -impermeable peptide hormones to the external cell surface. [ 1 ]

  4. 8-Bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-bromoguanosine_3',5...

    8-Bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate is a brominated derivative of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). [1] It acts as an activator of cGMP-dependent protein kinases . [ 2 ]

  5. Cyclic nucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_nucleotide

    The two most well-studied cyclic nucleotides are cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), while cyclic CMP (cCMP) and cyclic UMP (cUMP) are less understood. cAMP is 3’5’-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cGMP is 3’5’-cyclic guanosine monophosphate, cCMP is cytidine 3',5'-monophosphate, and cUMP is uridine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate. [4] [5]

  6. Initial public offering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offering

    An initial public offering (IPO) or stock launch is a public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors [1] and usually also to retail (individual) investors. [2] An IPO is typically underwritten by one or more investment banks, who also arrange for the shares to be listed on one or more stock exchanges.

  7. 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3',5'-cyclic-GMP...

    The enzyme 3′,5′-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.35) catalyzes the reaction guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } guanosine 5′-phosphate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases , specifically those acting on phosphoric diester bonds.

  8. Guanosine monophosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanosine_monophosphate

    Guanosine monophosphate (GMP), also known as 5′-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid (conjugate base guanylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine; hence it is a ribonucleotide ...

  9. Cyclic di-GMP - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_di-GMP

    Cyclic di-GMP (also called cyclic diguanylate and c-di-GMP) is a second messenger used in signal transduction in a wide variety of bacteria. [1] Cyclic di-GMP is not known to be used by archaea , and has only been observed in eukaryotes in Dictyostelium . [ 2 ]