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Skeletal mounts of the ankylosaur Scolosaurus. This timeline of ankylosaur research is a chronological listing of events in the history of paleontology focused on the ankylosaurs, quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaurs who were protected by a covering bony plates and spikes and sometimes by a clubbed tail.
The origin of ankylosaurs is poorly understood, and only a few specimens from the Middle Jurassic are known. [14] The ancestry of ankylosaurs has long been sought among stegosaurs, the closest group to ankylosaurs compared to other dinosaurs. Currently, ankylosaurs are a close group of stegosaurs within the Eurypoda clade. [15]
Ankylosauridae (/ ˌ æ ŋ k ɪ l oʊ ˈ s ɔː r ɪ d iː /) is a family of armored dinosaurs within Ankylosauria, and is the sister group to Nodosauridae.The oldest known ankylosaurids date to around 122 million years ago and went extinct 66 million years ago during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. [1]
Size compared to a human. Huaxiazhoulong is a large ankylosaurid, with an estimated body length of 6 metres (20 ft). The holotype specimen likely represents a mature individual, as evidenced by the fusion of the neural arches to the vertebral centrum, the co-ossified scapula and coracoid, high olecranon process of the ulna, and proximal fusion of the anterior and greater trochanters on the femur.
Ankylosaurus [nb 1] is a genus of armored dinosaur. Its fossils have been found in geological formations dating to the very end of the Cretaceous Period, about 68–66 million years ago, in western North America, making it among the last of the non-avian dinosaurs. It was named by Barnum Brown in 1908; it is monotypic, containing only A ...
Ankylosaurinae is formally defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Shamosaurus scutatus". [2] [3] [4] The tribe Ankylosaurini is defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Pinacosaurus grangeri and Saichania chulsanensis".
A life reconstruction of Kunbarrasaurus, reconstructed without a macuahuitl Size comparison of three named parankylosaurians compared to an average human. Known members of Parankylosauria are all small animals, ranging from 1.5–4.0 metres (4.9–13.1 ft), and possessed proportionally large skulls.
Among the ankylosaurids, Euoplocephalus was exceeded in size only by Ankylosaurus, and perhaps Tarchia and Cedarpelta. Euoplocephalus was about 5.3 metres (17 ft) long and weighed about 2 metric tons (2.2 short tons). [1] Like other ankylosaurids, it had a very broad and flat low-slung torso, about four feet high, positioned on four short legs.