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By the end of the Akkadian period, the Sumerian city of Adab was occupied by the Gutians, who made it their capital. [1] [2] The Gutian Dynasty came to power in Mesopotamia near the end of the 3rd millennium BC, after the decline and fall of the Akkadian Empire. How long Gutian kings held rulership over Mesopotamia is uncertain, with estimates ...
The Sumerian king list suggests that the Guti ruled over Sumer for several generations following the fall of the Akkadian Empire. [ 3 ] By the mid 1st millennium BC, usage of the name Gutium, by the peoples of lowland Mesopotamia , had expanded to include all of northwestern Iran , between the Zagros Mountains and the Tigris River .
The Akkadian Empire (/ ə ˈ k eɪ d i ən /) [2] was the first known ancient empire in the world, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer.Centered on the city of Akkad (/ ˈ æ k æ d /) [3] and its surrounding region, the empire united Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule and exercised significant influence across Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Anatolia, sending military ...
King of Sumer and Akkad (Sumerian: 𒈗𒆠𒂗𒄀𒆠𒌵 lugal-ki-en-gi-ki-uri [2], Akkadian: šar māt Šumeri u Akkadi) [3] was a royal title in Ancient Mesopotamia combining the titles of "King of Akkad", the ruling title held by the monarchs of the Akkadian Empire (2334–2154 BC) with the title of "King of Sumer".
The Akkadians were a Semitic people and the Akkadian language came into widespread use as the lingua franca during this period, but literacy remained in the Sumerian language. The Akkadians further developed the Sumerian irrigation system with the incorporation of large weirs and diversion dams into the design to facilitate the reservoirs and ...
Akkadian conquest of Ebla; Magan revolt; Lullubi campaign of Naram-sin; Gutian period. c. 2193 – c. 2123 BC Gutian attacks on the Akkadian Empire; c. 2123 BC – 2112 BC After defeating the Gutian ruler Tirigan in Sumer with the aid of other cities, Utu-hengal of Uruk established himself as the king of Sumer; Ur III period
The Akkadians also called the Sumerians "black-headed people", or ṣalmat-qaqqadi, in the Semitic Akkadian language. [2] [3] The Akkadians, the East Semitic-speaking people who later conquered the Sumerian city-states, gave Sumer its main historical name, but the phonological development of the term šumerû is uncertain. [17]
Akkadian Empire and vassal cities that were subjugated by Sargon of Akkad c. 2300 BCE. The Akkadian Empire was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia, after the long-lived civilization of Sumer. It was centered in the city of Akkad [1] and its surrounding region. The empire united Akkadian (Assyrian and Babylonian) and Sumerian speakers under ...